TIPIṬAKA

The Tipiṭaka (Pali ti, "three," + pitaka, "baskets"), or Pali canon, is the collection of primary Pali language texts which form the doctrinal foundation of Theravada Buddhism. The Tipiṭaka and the paracanonical Pali texts (commentaries, chronicles, etc.) together constitute the complete body of classical Theravada texts.

The Pali canon is a vast body of literature: in English translation the texts add up to thousands of printed pages. Most (but not all) of the Canon has already been published in English over the years. Although only a small fraction of these texts are available on this website, this collection can be a good place to start.

FIVE AGGREGATES

The skandhas (Sanskrit) or khandhas (Pāli) are the five functions or aspects that constitute the sentient being. In English, these five aspects are known as the five aggregates. The five aggregates are: form, feeling, perception, mental formations, and consciousness.

Five aggregates (pañcaskandha):

BAEL FRUIT

Bael fruit is also named as Aegle Marmelos or Beluva in Pali. It is derived in the ancient India.

Aegle marmelos is commonly known as Bael, Bilva, Avenue, and also Bengal quince, golden apple, Japanese bitter orange, stone apple, or wood apple, is a species of tree native to Bangladesh and India. The tree is considered to be sacred by Hindus. Its fruits are used in traditional medicine and as a food throughout its range.

Bael Aegle marmelos at Narendrapur near Kolkata, West Bengal, India.

THE TREE OF ENLIGHTENMENT

From the list below, we can see the multiple of diverse names of Bodhi tree.

Scientific name: Ficus religiosa
Sanskrit: aśvattha
Pali: Assattha
In Hindu texts: Peepul, Pipal, and Sacred fig tree.
In Buddhist texts: Bodhi tree

THIRTY SEVEN FACTORS OF ENLIGHTENMENT

Saptatriṁśa bodhipakṣa dharma (Sanskrit), and Sattatiṃsa Bodhipakkhiyā Dhammā (Pali). Thirty Seven Factors of Enlightenment is qualities conducive awakening (bodhi).

Four Applications of Mindfulness (catuḥ-smṛtyupasthāna):

Mindfulness of body (kāya smṛtyupasthāna)
Mindfulness of feeling (vedāda smṛtyupasthāna)
Mindfulness of mind (citta smṛtyupasthāna)
Mindfulness of phenomena (dhrama smṛtyupasthāna)

Four Right Efforts (catvāri samyakprahāṇāni):

To prevent unwholesome thoughts from arising
To abandon unwholesome thoughts once they are arisen
To cultivate wholesome thoughts, and
To maintain wholesome thoughts once they are arisen

XUANZANG

Xuanzang was a the Chinese Buddhist monk, scholar, traveller, translator who described the interaction between China and India in the early Tang dynasty.

There was the multiple in his name, and those diverse names is indicated to the great Buddhist monk - Xuanzang. We can see various names of xuanzang through the list of name below:

VAISHALI - THE PLACE WHERE THE SECOND BUDDHIST COUNCIL WAS HELPED

The second Buddhist council was convened by the King Kalasoka at Vesālī (Pāli), Vaiśālī (Sanskrit). After the Buddha’s passing away about 100 or 110 years, a monk called Yasa, when he visited Vesālī, he noticed a number of lax practices among the local monks at Vajjiputtaka. Thus, venerable Yasa aspired in order to resolve those matters; he gathered support from monks of other regions, mainly to the west and south. Finally, the Second Buddhist Council was helped by seven hundred monks, and the main principle focused in the “ten points” which made clearly in Vinaya.

The name Vesālī, derived from the King Vishal, was the capital of the vibrant Vajji confederation of Mithila (Vrijii mahajanapada). Here, Bhagwan Mahavira who was a leader of Jains in the Buddha’s time, and it was also the place where the Buddha gave the last sermon before his passing away. Some important discourses were known as Mahāparinibbaṇa Sutta and Mahāsīlanāda Sutta which belong to Theravāda Suttas, and Vimalakīrti Sutra refers to Mahāyāna Sutra. We can say that, Vesālī is the important place in both Jain and Buddhsit religions. Additionally, it contains one of the best-preserved of the Pillars of the King Ashoka or Aśoka.

Sattapanni cave in Rajgir, the place where the First Buddhist Council was helped.

According to the Buddhist schools, the first Buddhist Council was help soon after the passing away of the Buddha around 400 BC. The king Ajātasattu (Pāli), Ajātaśatru (Sanskrit) was a sponsor of this council which convened in Rajgir [Rajgriha, Rājagaha (Pāli), Rājagṛha (Sanskrit)], at the Sattapanni cave (Saptparni, Sattaparnaguha cave). Venerable Mahākassapa (Pāli) or Mahākāśyapa (Sanskrit) was not only one of the principal disciples of Siddārtha Gautama Buddha, but also was the leader of the First Buddhist Council. Under the patronage of king Ajātasattu and the presiding of the most venerable Kāśyapa, the council was convened with 500 Arahant monks in accordance with the pure mind. In which, the Vinaya was recited by venerable Upali (Upāli in Sanskrit), and the Dhamma was recited by venerable Ānanda.